Hamsa Upanishad
హంసోపనిషత్
హంసాఖ్యోపనిషత్ప్రోక్తనాదాలిర్యత్ర విశ్రమేత్ .
తదాధారం నిరాధారం బ్రహ్మమాత్రమహం మహః ..
ఓం పూర్ణమద ఇతి శాంతిః ..
The Upanishad known as Hamsa is declared, where the sound of the Hamsa resonates, and there, the seeker rests. Its foundation is formless and without support; it is the Supreme Brahman, the absolute I (Aham), the great (Mahah).
Om, that is complete, This is peace
This verse introduces the Hamsa Upanishad, where the "Hamsa" symbolizes the essence of the self and the divine. The verse also highlights the formless and all-encompassing nature of Brahman (the absolute reality), concluding with the affirmation of the completeness and peace inherent in this realization. The words "Om Purnamadah" signify the idea that everything is whole, and peace (Shanti) is invoked.
గౌతమ ఉవాచ .భగవన్సర్వధర్మజ్ఞ సర్వశాస్త్రవిశారద .
బ్రహ్మవిద్యాప్రబోధో హి కేనోపాయేన జాయతే .. 1..
"O Lord, who is the knower of all dharmas, the master of all scriptures, and the one who is the expert in Brahmavidya (knowledge of Brahman), how does the realization of Brahman come to be? Through what means does it arise?"
సనత్కుమార ఉవాచ .
విచార్య సర్వవేదేషు మతం జ్ఞాత్వా పినాకినః .
పార్వత్యా కథితం తత్త్వం శృణు గౌతమ తన్మమ .. 2..
"After studying all the Vedas and understanding the essence, I will narrate to you, Gautama, the teaching of the great truth that was told by Parvati to Lord Shiva, the wielder of the Pinaka (Shiva's bow)."
అనాఖ్యేయమిదం గుహ్యం యోగినాం కోశసంనిభం .
హంసస్యాకృతివిస్తారం భుక్తిముక్తిఫలప్రదం .. 3..
అథ హంసపరమహంసనిర్ణయం వ్యాఖ్యాస్యామః .
Now, we will explain the supreme teaching of the Hamsa, the highest of all teachings.
To the one who is a Brahmachari (celibate), peaceful, self-controlled, devoted to the Guru, constantly meditating on the mantra "Hamsa, Hamsa," pervading all bodies and remaining in that state of meditation.
గుదమవష్టభ్యాధారాద్వాయుముత్థాప్యస్వాధిష్ఠాం త్రిః
ప్రదిక్షిణీకృత్య మణిపూరకం చ గత్వా అనాహతమతిక్రమ్య
విశుద్ధౌ
ప్రాణాన్నిరుధ్యాజ్ఞామనుధ్యాయన్బ్రహ్మరంధ్రం ధ్యాయన్
త్రిమాత్రోఽహమిత్యేవం సర్వదా ధ్యాయన్ .
స వై బ్రహ్మ పరమాత్మేత్యుచ్యతే .. 1..
Then, the sound of the mantra moves from the base to the Brahma-randhra, shining like pure crystal.
This sound is identified with Brahman, the Supreme Self, and it is said to be the essence of the Supreme Soul.
Description of the Hamsa (Swan) as a Metaphor:
The supreme teaching of the Hamsa (Swan) is that Brahman, the Absolute, is formless and free from all attributes. This teaching can only be comprehended by a seeker who is pure, controlled, devoted to the teacher, and focused on the path of meditation. The one who constantly meditates on the mantra "Hamsa" (meaning "I am that" or "I am Brahman") remains in the state of non-duality, with Brahman pervading every being.
అథ హంస ఋషిః .
సోఽహమితి కీలకం.
The meter is the Avyakta Gayatri.
The deity is the Paramahamsa (the Supreme Swan).
The seed is "Aham" (I am).
The power is "Sa" (He).
The key to the mantra is "So'ham" (I am He).
హృదయాద్యంగన్యాసకరన్యాసౌ భవతః .
అష్టదలే హంసాత్మానం ధ్యాయేత్ .
పశ్యత్యనాగారశ్చ శిష్టోభయపార్శ్వే భవతః .
తస్యాష్టధా వృత్తిర్భవతి .
తురీయం యదా హంసో నాదే లీనో భవతి
This is the Supreme Hamsa, the brilliant light of the Sun, by which this entire universe is pervaded.
Its manifestation takes place in eight different forms.
In the first phase, in the auspicious phase, there is a pure intellect.
In the Agni (Fire) phase, there are qualities of sleep and laziness.
In the Yami (Night) phase, the intellect is cruel.
In the Nirrti (South) phase, the intellect is sinful.
In the Varuni (Water) phase, there is play and amusement.
In the Vayavya (Wind) phase, there is movement.
In the Buddhi (intellectual) phase, there is calmness and pleasure.
In the Ishana (Lordship) phase, there is giving of charity.
In the middle of the stages, there is detachment.
In the state of wakefulness, there is the awareness of the physical body.
In the dream state, there is the awareness of the subtle body.
In deep sleep, there is the awareness of the causal body.
In the state of transcendence, when the Hamsa merges with the sound,
then one goes beyond the fourth state (Turiya) into the state of unbroken contemplation, japa (mantra repetition), and cessation of thought.
పంచమతంత్రీనాదః .
దశమో మేఘనాదః .
Manifestations of the Sound in Meditation:
- The first sound is Chini (a sharp, tinkling sound).
- The second sound is Chinchini (a more refined, delicate sound).
- The third sound is the Ghanta (the bell sound).
- The fourth sound is the Shankha (the conch shell sound).
- The fifth sound is the Tantri (the sound of a stringed instrument).
- The sixth sound is the Tala (the sound of cymbals or a rhythm instrument).
- The seventh sound is the Venu (the sound of the flute).
- The eighth sound is the Mridanga (the sound of the drum).
- The ninth sound is the Bheri (the sound of the kettle drum).
- The tenth sound is the Megha (the sound of thunder or a cloud).
పంచమే స్రవతే తాలు
అదృశ్యం నవమే దేహం దివ్యం చక్షుస్తథామలం .
- In the first, the sound Chinchini (a delicate tinkling) resonates through the body.
- In the second, the sound causes a disturbance in the body.
- In the third, it brings about a sense of unease.
- In the fourth, it causes trembling of the head.
- In the fifth, the sound flows like a stream.
- In the sixth, there is the experience of immortality and nectar.
- In the seventh, profound knowledge is attained.
- In the eighth, the supreme speech is heard.
- In the ninth, the body becomes invisible, and the divine eye (pure vision) is attained.
- In the tenth, the ultimate Brahman is realized, and one becomes established in the union with the Supreme Self (Brahman).
సదాశివః శక్త్యాత్మా సర్వత్రావస్థితః స్వయంజ్యోతిః శుద్ధో
బుద్ధో నిత్యో నిరంజనః శాంతః ప్రకాశత ఇతి ..
ఇతి వేదప్రవచనం వేదప్రవచనం .. 2..
This is the teaching of the Vedas.
ఓం పూర్ణమద ఇతి శాంతిః ..
ఇతి హంసోపనిషత్సమాప్తా ..
This is peace.
Thus ends the Hamsa Upanishad.
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